Bibliography on Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT)

(including related literature on sequential testing)

Updated March 26, 2011

Compiled by David J. Weiss, University of Minnesota

djweiss@umn.edu

Filed manuscripts are identified by # followed by a manuscript number

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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#AB95-01 (also see #SP95-01). Abdel-Fattah, A.. A, Lau, C.-M. A., & Spray, J. A. (1995, June). The effect of model misspecification on classification decisions made using a computerized test: UIRT versus MIRT. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Minneapolis MN.

Abdel-Fattah, A.. A, Lau, C.. A., & Spray, J. A. (1996, April). Effect of altering passing score in CAT when unidimensionality is violated. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York NY.

#AB00-01. Abdullah, S. C. & Cooley, R. E. (2000). Using constraints to develop and deliver adaptive tests. Paper presented at the Computer-Assisted Testing Conference. {PDF file, 46 KB}

#AC87-13. Ackerman, T. A. (1987). The use of unidimensional parameter estimates of multidimensional items in adaptive testing (ACT Research Report series 87-13). Iowa City IA: The American College Testing Program.

Ackerman, T. A. (1991). The use of unidimensional parameter estimates of multidimensional items in adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 15, 13-24.

Adams, R. J. (1987). Adaptive testing, information, and the partial credit model. Melbourne, Australia: University of Melbourne, Center for the Study of Higher Education.

Adema, J. J. (1990). The construction of customized two-staged tests. Journal of Educational Measurement, 27, 241-253.

Allred, L. A. & Green, B. F. (1984). Analysis of experimental CAT ASVAB data. Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University, Department of Psychology.

Almond, R. G. & Mislevy, R. J. (1999. Graphical models and computerized adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 23, 223-237. (Also Educational Testing Service Research Report 98-4).

#AM95-01. American Council on Education. (1995). Guidelines for computer-adaptive test development and use in education. Washington DC: Author.

Anastasi, A. (1953). An empirical study of the applicability of sequential analysis to item selection. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 13, 3-13.

Anderson, D. (ETS). (1999, April). Use of conditional item exposure methodology for an operational CAT. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Montreal, Canada.

Andrich, D. (1995). Review of the book Computerized Adaptive Testing: A Primer. Psychometrika, 4?, 615-620.

Angoff, W. H. & Huddleston, E. M. (1958). The multi-level experiment: A study of a two-level test system for the College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test. (Statistical Report 58-21). Princeton NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Ariel, A., Veldkamp, B. P., & van der Linden, W. J. (2002). Constructing rotating item pools for constrained adaptive testing. Submitted for publication.

Archer, R.P., Tirrell, C.A., & Elkins, D.E. (2001). Evaluation of an MMPI--a short form: Implications for adaptive testing. Journal of Personality Assessment,76, 76-89

#AR03-01. Ariel, A., Veldkamp, B., & van der Linden, W. J. (2003, April). Constructing rotating item pools for constrained adaptive testing. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Chicago IL. {PDF file, 395 KB}

Armitage, P. (1950). Sequential analysis with more than two alternative hypotheses, and its relation to discriminant function analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 12, 137-144.

Armstrong, R.D. & Edmonds, J.J. (2003). The assembly of multiple stage adaptive tests with discrete items. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council Report.

#AR04-01. Armstrong, R. D. & Edmonds, J. (2004, April). A study of multiple stage adaptive test designs. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, San Diego CA. {PDF file, 288 KB}

Armstrong, R. D. & Jones, D. H. (1998). Computer adaptive testing – Approaches for item selection and measurement. (Research report). Rutgers Center for Operations Research, New Brunswick NJ.

Armstrong, R. D., Jones, D. H., & Berliner, N. (1998, June). Computerized adaptive testing with multiple form structures. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Urbana, IL.

#AR04147. Armstrong, R.D., Jones, D. H., Koppel, N .B., & Pashley, P. J. (2004). Computerized adaptive testing with multiple-form structures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 28, 147-164.

#AR03-02. Armstrong, R. D. & Little, J. (2003). The assembly of multiple form structures. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Chicago IL. {PDF file, 418 KB}

#AR03-03. Armstrong, R. D. & Roussos, L. (2003). A method to determine targets for multi-stage adaptive tests. Unpublished manuscript. {PDF file, 207 KB}

Arrowwood, V. E. (1994). Effects of computerized adaptive test anxiety on nursing licensure examinations. Dissertation Abstracts International, A (Humanities and Social Sciences), 54 (9-A), 3410.

Assessment Systems Corporation (1984). User’s manual for the MicroCAT Testing System. St. Paul MN: Author.

Assessment Systems Corporation (1988). User’s manual for the MicroCAT Testing System, Version 3. St. Paul MN: Author.

Assessment Systems Corporation. (1996). User’s manual for the MicroCAT testing system, Version 3.5. St Paul MN: Assessment Systems Corporation.

Assessment Systems Corporation (2001). The FastTEST Professional Testing System, Version 1.6. [Computer software]. St. Paul MN: Author.

Auger, R. (1989). Étude de praticabilité du testing adaptatif de maîtrise des apprentissages scolaires au Québec : une expérimentation en éducation économique secondaire 5. Thèse de doctorat non publiée. Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal.

Auger, R. & Séguin, S.P. (1992). Le testing adaptatif avec interprétation critérielle, une expérience de praticabilité du TAM pour l’évaluation sommative des apprentissages au Québec. Mesure et évaluation en éducation, 15-1 et 2, 10

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Babcock, B. & Weiss, D. J. (2009). Termination criteria in computerized adaptive tests: Variable-length CATs are not biased. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 GMAC Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing. {PDF File, 281 KB}

Baek, S. G. (1995). Computerized adaptive attitude testing using the partial credit model. Dissertation Abstracts International-A, 55(7-A), 1922 (UMI No. AAM9430378).

Baek, S.G. (1997). Computerized adaptive testing using the partial credit model for attitude measurement. In M. Wilson, G. Engelhard Jr., & K. Draney (Eds.), Objective measurement: Theory into practice, volume 4. Norwood NJ: Ablex.

Baghi, H., Ferrara, S. F., & Gabrys, R. (1992, April). Student attitudes toward computer-adaptive test administration. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco CA.

Baghi, H., Gabrys, R., & Ferrara, S. (1991, April). Applications of computer-adaptive testing in Maryland. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago IL.

#BA01191. Ban, J.-C., Hanson. B. H., Wang, T., Ti, Q., & Harris, D. J. (2001). A comparative study of on-line pretest item calibration-scaling methods in computerized adaptive testing. Journal of Educational Measurement,38, 191-212. (Also ACT Research Report 2002-11).

See #BA02207. Ban, J., Hanson, B.A., Yi, Q., & Harris, D. (2001, April). Data sparseness and online pretest calibration/scaling methods in CAT. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle. (Also ACT Research Report 2002-1)

#BA02207. Ban, J-C., Hanson, B.A., Yi, Q., & Harris, D. J. (2002). Data sparseness and online pretest item calibration/scaling methods in CAT. Journal of Educational Measurement,39, 207-218.

Ban, J.-C., Hanson, B., Wang, T., Yi, Q. & Harris, D. (2000). A comparative study of online pretest item calibration/scaling methods in CAT. American Educational Research Association.

#BA99-01. Ban, J., Wang, T., & Yi, Q. (1999, June). Comparison of the a-stratified method, the Sympson-Hetter method, and the matched difficulty method in CAT administration. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Lawrence KS.

#BA00-01. Ban, J. C., Wang, T., Yi, Q., & Harris, D. J. (2000, April). Effects of nonequivalence of item pools on ability estimates in CAT. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, New Orleans LA. {PDF file, 657 KB}

Barrada, J. R., Abad, F. J., & Veldkamp, B. P. (2009). Comparison of methods for controlling maximum exposure rates in computerized adaptive testing. Psicothema, 21, 313-320. {PDF file, 94 KB}

Barrada. J. R., Mazuela, P., & Olea, J. (2006). Maximum Information Stratification method for controlling item exposure in Computerized Adaptive Testing. Psicothema, 18, 156-159. {PDF file, 57 KB)

Barrada, J. R., Olea, J., & Abad., F. J. (2008). Rotating item banks versus restriction of maximum exposure rates in computerized adaptive testing. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11, 618-625. {PDF file, 267 KB}

Barrada, J. R., Olea, J., & Ponsoda, V. (2007). Methods for restricting maximum exposure rate in computerized adaptive testing. Methodology, 3, 14-23. {PDF file, 399KB}

Barrada, J. R., Olea, J., Ponsoda, V., & Abad, F. J. (2008). Incorporating randomness in the Fisher information for improving item-exposure control in CATs. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 61, 493-513.

Barrada, J. R., Olea, J., Ponsoda, V., & Abad, F. J. (2009). Item selection rules in computerized adaptive testing: Accuracy and security. Methodology, 5, 7-17. (PDF file, 445 KB)

Barrada, J., Olea, J., Ponsada, V., & Abad, F. (2009). Test overlap rate and item exposure rate as indicators of test security in CATs. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 GMAC Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing.{PDF File, 261 KB}

Barrada, J. R., Veldkamp, B. P., & Olea, J. (2006, July). Multiple maximum exposure rates in computerized adaptive testing. Paper presented at the SMABS-EAM Conference, Budapest, Hungary.

Baumer, M., Roded, K., & Gafni, N. (2009). Assessing the equivalence of Internet-based vs. paper-and-pencil psychometric tests. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 GMAC Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing.{PDF File, 142 KB}

Bayliss, M.S., Dewey J.E., Dunlap, I., et al. (2003). A study of the feasibility of Internet administration of a computerized health survey: The Headache Impact Test (HIT). Quality of Life Research, 12, 953–961.

Bayroff, A. G. (1964, November). Feasibility of a programmed testing machine. U.S. Army Personnel Research Office Research Study 64-3.

#BA69-01. Bayroff, A. G. (1969, September). Psychometric problems with branching tests. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association.

#BA74-01. Bayroff, A. G., Ross, R. M., & Fischl, M. A. (1974). Development of a programmed testing system (Technical Paper 259). Arlington VA: U. S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences. NTIS No. AD A001534)

Bayroff, A. G. & Seeley, L. C. (1967). An exploratory study of branching tests (Technical Research Note 188). Washington DC: U.S. Army Behavioral Science Research Laboratory. (NTIS No. AD 655263)

Bayroff, A. G., Thomas, J. J., & Anderson, A. A. (1960). Construction of an experimental sequential item test (Research Memorandum 60-1). Washington DC, Personnel Research Branch, Department of the Army.

Bejar, I. I. (1977). Applications of adaptive testing in measuring achievement and performance In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Applications of computerized adaptive testing (Research Report 77-1). Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program. {In #WE77-01, PDF file 3.228 MB}

Bejar, I. I. (1977). A comparison of conventional and adaptive achievement testing. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1977 Computerized Adaptive Testing Conference. Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program.

Bejar, I. I. (1986). Final report: Adaptive testing of spatial abilities (ONR 150 531). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Bejar, I. I. (1995). From adaptive testing to automated scoring of architectural simulations. IN L. E. Mancall & P. G. Bashook (Eds.), Assessing clinical reasoning: The oral examination and alternative methods (pp. 115-130. Evanston IL: The American Board of Medical Specialities.

Bejar, I. I. (1999, April). On-the-fly adaptive tests: An application of generative modeling to quantitative reasoning. Symposium presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Montreal, Canada.

#BE02-01. Bejar, I. I., Lawless, R. R., Morley, M. E., Wagner, M. E., Bennett R. E., & Revuelta, J. (2002, July). A feasibility study of on-the-fly item generation in adaptive testing (GRE Board Report No. 98-12; Educational Testing Service RR02-23). Princeton NJ: Educational Testing Service. {PDF file, 193 KB}

#BE03-03. Bejar, I. I., Lawless, R. R., Morley, M. E., Wagner, M. E., Bennett R. E., & Revuelta, J. (2003). A feasibility study of on-the-fly item generation in adaptive testing. Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment, 2 (3). {PDF file, 427 KB}

Bejar, I. I. & Weiss, D. J. (1978). A construct validation of adaptive achievement testing (Research Report 78-4). Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program, Computerized Adaptive Testing Laboratory.

Bejar, I. I., Weiss, D. J., & Gialluca, K. A. (1977, October). An information comparison of conventional and adaptive tests in the measurement of classroom achievement (Research Report 77-7). Minneapolis: Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program.

Bejar, I. I., Weiss, D. J., & Kingsbury, G. G. (1977, October). Calibration of an item pool for the adaptive measurement of achievement (Research Report 77-5). Minneapolis: Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program.

Belov, D. I. & Armstrong, R. D. (2009). Direct and inverse problems of item pool design for computerized adaptive testing. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69, 533-547.

Belov, D.I., Armstrong, R.D. (2008). A Monte Carlo approach to the design, assembly, and evaluation of multistage adaptive tests. Applied Psychological Measurement,32,119–137.

Belov, D. I. , Armstrong, R. D.  & Weissman, A. (2008). A monte carlo approach for adaptive testing with content constraints. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 431-446.

#BE98-45. Bennett, R. E., Morley, M., & Quardt, D. (1998). Three response types for broadening the conception of mathematical problem solving in computerized-adaptive tests (Research Report 98-45). Princeton NJ : Educational Testing Service. (Also presented at National Council on Measurement in Education, 1998)

Bennett, R. E., Steffen, M., Singley, M. K., Morley, M., & Jacquemin, D. (1997). Evaluating an automatically scorable, open-ended response type for measuring mathematical reasoning in computer-adaptive tests. Journal of Educational Measurement, 34, 162-176.

Ben-Porath, Y. S., Waller, N. G., Slutske, W. S. & Butcher, J. N. (1988, August). A comparison of two methods for the adaptive administration of the MMPI-2 content scales. Paper presented at the 86^th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta GA.

Ben-Porath, Y. S., Slutske, W. S., & Butcher, J. N. (1989). A real-data simulation of computerized adaptive administration of the MMPI. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 18-22.

Ben-Porath, Y. S. & Roper, B. L. (1992, May). Computerized adaptive testing with the MMPI-2: Reliability, validity, and comparability to paper and pencil administration. Paper presented at the 27^th Annual Symposium on Recent Developments in the MMPI/MMPI-2, Minneapolis MN.

Ben-Porath, Y. S., Roper, B. L., & Butcher, J. N. (1990, June). An empirical study of the computer adaptive MMPI-2. Paper presented at the 25^th Annual Symposium on recent developments in the MMPI/MMPI-2, Minneapolis MN.

#BE94141. Berger, M. P. F. (1994). A general approach to algorithmic design of fixed-form tests, adaptive tests, and testlets. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1994, 141-153.

Berger, M. P. F., & Veerkamp, W. J. J. (1997). Some new item selection criteria for adaptive testing. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 22, 203-226.

Bergstrom, B. (1992, April). Ability measure equivalence of computer adaptive and paper and pencil tests: A research synthesis. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.

#BE92-01. Bergstrom, B. (1992). Computer adaptive versus paper-and-pencil tests. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.

Bergstrom, B. A. (1992). Confidence in pass/fail decisions for computer adaptive and paper and pencil examinations. Evaluation and The Health Professions, 15(4), 435-464.

Bergstrom B. A. (1996). Computerized adaptive testing for the national certification examination. AANA.J, 64, 119-24.

Bergstrom, B. A. (1996). Computerized adaptive testing for the national certification examination. AANA Journal, 64, 119-24. (American Association of Nurse Anesthetists)

Bergstrom, B. & Gershon, R. (1992, April). Comparison of item targeting strategies for pass/fail adaptive tests. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco CA (ERIC NO. ED 400 287).

Bergstrom, B. & Gershon, R. (1994, April). Computerized adaptive testing exploring examinee response time using hierarchical linear modeling. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans LA. (ERIC No. ED 400 286).

Bergstrom, B. A & Gershon, R. C. (1994). Computerized adaptive testing for licensure and certification. CLEAR Exam Review, Winter 1994, 25-27.

Bergstrom, B. A., & Lunz, M.E. (1990, June). The stability of Rasch pencil and paper item calibrations on computer adaptive tests. Paper presented at the Midwest Objective Measurement Seminar, Chicago IL.

Bergstrom, B. B., & Lunz, M. E. (1991, April). Confidence in pass/fail decisions for computer adaptive and paper and pencil examinations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago IL.

Bergstrom, B. A.. & Lunz, M. E. (1991, July). Comparisons of computer adaptive and pencil and paper tests. Chicago IL: American Society of Clinical Pathologists. Unpublished manuscript.

Bergstrom, B. & Lunz, M. E. (1992). Confidence in pass/fail decisions, for computer adaptive and paper-and-pencil examinations. Evaluation and the Health Professions, 15(4), 453-464.

Bergstrom, B. A. & Lunz, M.E. (1999). CAT for certification and licensure. In F. Drasgow & J. B. Olsen (Eds.), Innovations in computerized assessment (pp. 67-91). Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.

Bergstrom, B. A., Lunz, M. E., & Gershon, R. C. (1992). Altering the level of difficulty in computer adaptive testing. Applied Measurement in Education, 5, 137-149.

Bergstrom, B.A. & Stahl, J. A. (1992). Assessing existing item bank depth for computer adaptive testing. ERIC Document No. TM022404

#BE75-01. Betz, N. E. (1975). New types of information and psychological implications. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Computerized adaptive trait measurement: Problems and Prospects (Research Report 75-5), pp. 32-43. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program. {PDF file, 609 KB}

Betz, N. E. (1977). Effects of immediate knowledge of results and adaptive testing on ability test performance. Applied Psychological Measurement, 2, 259-266.

Betz, N. E. & Weiss, D. J. (1973). An empirical study of computer-administered two-stage ability testing (Research Report 73-4). Minneapolis: Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program.

#BE74-4. Betz, N. E. & Weiss, D. J. (1974). Simulation studies of two-stage ability testing (Research Report 74-4). Minneapolis: Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program. {PDF file, 2.92 MB}

Betz, N. E. & Weiss, D. J. (1975). Empirical and simulation studies of flexilevel ability testing (Research Report 75-3). Minneapolis: Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program.

Betz, N. E. & Weiss, D. J. (1976, June). Effects of immediate knowledge of results and adaptive testing on ability test performance (Research Report 76-3). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program, Computerized Adaptive Testing Laboratory.

Betz, N. E. & Weiss, D. J. (1976, June). Psychological effects of immediate knowledge of results and adaptive ability testing (Research Report 76-4). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program, Computerized Adaptive Testing Laboratory.

#BI01069. Bickel, P., Buyske, S., Chang, H.-H., & Ying, Z. (2001). On maximizing item information and matching difficulty with ability. Psychometrika, 66, 69-77.

#BI84-01. Bill, B. C. (1984). A comparison of the maximum likelihood strategy and stradaptive test on a micro-computer. Unpublished M. S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Binet, A., & Simon, Th. A. (1905). Méthode nouvelle pour le diagnostic du niveau intellectuel des anormaux. L'Année Psychologique, 11, 191-244. (also cited as: Applications des methods nouvelles au diagnostic du niveau intellectual chez des enfants normaux et anourmaux d’hospice et d’ecole primaire, 245-336.)

Binet, A. & Simon, T. (1908). Le development de l’intelligence chez les enfants. L’Anee Psychologique, 14, 1-94.

Binet, A. & Simon, T. (1915). A method of measuring the development of the intelligence of young children. Chicago: Chicago Medical Book Co.

#BJ04-02. Bjorner, J.B. (2004, June). Developing tailored instruments: Item banking and computerized adaptive assessment. Paper presented at the conference “Advances in Health Outcomes Measurement: Exploring the Current State and the Future of Item Response Theory, Item Banks, and Computer-Adaptive Testing,” Bethesda MD. {PDF file, 406 KB}

Bjorner, J.B., Chang, C.H., Thissen, D., Reeve, B.B. (2007). Developing tailored instruments: Item banking and computerized adaptive assessment. Quality of Life Research, 16(Suppl 1, 95–108.

#BJ03913. Bjorner, J. B., Kosinski, M. & Ware, J. E., Jr. (2003). Calibration of an item pool for assessing the burden of headaches: An application of item response theory to the Headache Impact Test (HIT). Quality of Life Research 12: 913–933. {PDF file, 286 KB}

#BJ04-01. Bjorner, J. B., Kosinski, M., & Ware, J. E., Jr. (2004, in press). Computerized adaptive testing and item banking. In P. M. Fayers and R. D. Hays (Eds.) Assessing Quality of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. {PDF file 371 KB}

Blais, J.G. (2002). Historique et concepts propres au testing adaptatif [Adaptive testing: Historical accounts and concepts]. Presented at the 69^th Congress of the Acfas. Sherbrooke: Association canadienne française pour l’avancement des sciences (Acfas). [In French]

#BL02-01. Blais, J-.G & Raiche, G. (2002, April). Some features of the sampling distribution of the ability estimate in computerized adaptive testing according to two stopping rules. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Objective Measurement Workshops-XI, New Orleans, LA. {PDF file, 38 KB}

Blais, J.-G. & Raîche, G. (submitted). Features of the estimated sampling distribution of the ability estimate in computerized adaptive testing according to two stopping rules. In D. G. Englehard (Eds.), Objective measurement: Theory into practice. Volume 6.

Bloxom, B. M. & Vale, C. D. (undated). An adaptive method of multidimensional trait estimation. Unpublished manuscript.

Bloxom, B. M. & Vale,C. D. (1987, June). Multidimensional adaptive testing: A procedure for sequential estimation of the posterior centroid and dispersion of theta. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Montreal, Canada.

Bochner, J., Garrison, W., Palmer, L., MacKenzie, D., & Braveman, A. (1997). A computerized adaptive testing system for speech discrimination measurement: The Speech Sound Pattern Discrimination Test. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 101, 2289-2298.

#BO75-01. Bock, R. D. (1975). Discussion. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Computerized adaptive trait measurement: Problems and Prospects (Research Report 75-5), pp. 46-49. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program. {PDF file, 414 KB}

#BO82431. Bock, B. D., & Mislevy, R. J. (1982). Adaptive EAP estimation of ability in a microcomputer environment. Applied Psychological Measurement, 6, 431-444

Bock, R. D., Muraki, E., & Pfeiffenberger, W. (1988). Item pool maintenance in the presence of item parameter drift. Journal of Educational Measurement,25, 275-285.

Bock, R. D., & Zimowski, M. F. (1998). Feasibility studies of two-stage testing in large-scale educational assessment: Implications for NAEP. American Institutes for Research, CA.

Bontempo, B., & Julian, E. R., & Gorham, J. L. (1997, March). Assessing speededness in variable-length computer-adaptive tests. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Chicago IL.

#BO01965. Borman, W. C., Buck, D. E., Hanson, M. A., Montowidlo, S. J., Stark, S., & Drasgow, F. (2001). An examination of the comparative reliability, validity, and accuracy of performance ratings made using computer adaptive rating scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 965-973.

Borman, W. C., Hanson, M.A., Kubisiak, U. C., & Buck, D. E. (2000). Computerized adaptive rating scales (CARS): Development and evaluation of the concept. (Institute Rep. No. 350). Tampa FL: Personnel Decisions Research Institute.

Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Montowidlo, S. J., Drasgow, F., Foster, L., & Kubisiak, U. C. (1998). Computerized adaptive rating scales that measure contextual performance. Paper presented at the 3th annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas TX.

Bouchard, J. (1990). Future directions for the National Council: The Computerized Adaptive Testing Project. Issues, 11, 1-5. (National Council of State Boards of Nursing)

Bowers, D. R. (1992). Computer-based adaptive testing in music research and instruction. Psychomusicology, 10, 49-63.

Bowles, R. (2001). An examination of item review on computer adaptive tests. Manuscript in preparation, University of Virginia.

#BO01-01. Bowles, R., & Pommerich, M. (2001, April). An examination of item review on a CAT using the specific information item selection algorithm. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Seattle WA. {PDF file, 325 KB}

#BO03-01. Boyd. A. M. (2003). Strategies for controlling testlet exposure rates in computerized adaptive testing systems. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin. {PDF file, 485 KB}

#BO03-02. Boyd, A. M., Dodd, B. G., & Fitzpatrick, S. J. (2003, April). A comparison of exposure control procedures in CAT systems based on different measurement models for testlets using the verbal reasoning section of the MCAT. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Chicago IL. {PDF file, 405 KB}

Bradlow, E.T., Wainer, H., and Wang, X (1999). A Bayesian random effects model for testlets, Psychometrika, 64, 153-168.

#BR01085. Bradlow, E. T. & Weiss, R. E. (2001). Outlier measures and norming methods for computerized adaptive tests. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 26, 85-104.

Bradlow, E. T., Weiss, R. E., Cho, M. (1998). Bayesian identification of outliers in computerized adaptive testing. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 93, 910-919.

#BR04-01. Breithaupt, K., Ariel, A., & Veldkamp, B. (2004). Automated Simultaneous Assembly of Multi-Stage Testing for the Uniform CPA Examination. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, San Diego CA. {PDF file, 201 KB}

#BR00-01. Bridgeman, B. & Cline, F. (2000). Variations in mean response times for questions on the computer-adaptive GRE general test: Implications for fair assessment (GRE Board Professional Report No. 96-20P: Educational Testing Service Research Report 00-7). Princeton NJ: Educational Testing Service.

#BR02-01. Bridgeman, B. & Cline, F. (2002, April). Fairness issues in adaptive tests with strict time limits. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans LA. {PDF file, 1.287 MB}

#BR03-01. Bridgeman, B,. Cline, F., & Hessinger, J. (2003). Effect of extra time on GRE® Quantitative and Verbal Scores (Research Report 03-13). Princeton NJ: Educational Testing service. {PDF file, 88 KB}

Bridgeman, B. & Schaeffer, G. A. (1995, April). A comparison of gender differences on paper-and-pencil and computer-adaptive versions of the Graduate Record Examination. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco CA.

Brooks. S. (1977). A comparison of the classification of students by two methods of administration of a mathematics placement test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Syracuse University, 1977.

#BR78415. Brooks, S. & Hartz, M. A. (1978). Predictive ability of a branching test. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 415-419.

#BR77-6. Brown, J. M., & Weiss, D. J. (1977). An adaptive testing strategy for achievement test batteries (Research Rep. No. 77-6). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program. {PDF file, 2.40 MB}

Bryson, R. (1971, December). A comparison of four methods of selecting items for computer-assisted testing (Technical Bulletin STB 72-5). San Diego: Naval Personnel and Training Research Laboratory.

Buhr, D. C., & Legg, S. M. (1989, March). Investigating the validity of a computerized adaptive test for different examinee groups. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco CA.

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Kingsbury, G. G. (1985). Adaptive self-referenced testing as a procedure for the measurement of individual change: A comparison of the reliabilities of change estimates obtained from conventional and adaptive testing procedures. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (9-B), 3057.

Kingsbury, G. . (1986). Computerized adaptive testing: A pilot project. In W. C. Ryan (ed.), Proceedings: NECC ’86, National Educational Computing Conference (pp.172-176). Eugene OR: University of Oregon, International Council on Computers in Education.

Kingsbury, G. G. et al. (1988). Computerized adaptive testing: A four-year-old pilot study shows that CAT can work. Technological Horizons in Education, 16 (4), 73-76.

#KI90003. Kingsbury, G. G. (1990). Adapting adaptive testing: Using the MicroCAT testing in a local school district. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice,9 (2), 3-6, 29.

Kingsbury, G. G. (1991). A comparison of procedures for content-sensitive item selection. Applied Measurement in Education, need page numbers.

Kingsbury, G. G. (1996, April). Item review and adaptive testing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, New York.

Kingsbury, G. G. (1997, March). Item pool development and maintenance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Chicago IL.

Kingsbury, G. G. (1997, March). Some questions that must be addressed to develop and maintain an item pool for use in an adaptive test. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Chicago IL.

Kingsbury, G. G. (1999, April). Standard errors of proficiency estimates in stratum scored CAT. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Montreal, Canada.

#KI02-01. Kingsbury, G. G. (2002, April). An empirical comparison of achievement level estimates from adaptive tests and paper-and-pencil tests. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans LA. {PDF file, 134 KB}

Kingsbury, G. G. (2009). Adaptive item calibration: A process for estimating item parameters within a computerized adaptive test. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 GMAC Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing. {PDF File, 286 KB} {PDF File, 286 KB}

#KI88-01. Kingsbury, G. G., & Houser, R. L. (1988, April). A comparison of achievement level estimates from computerized adaptive testing and paper-and-pencil testing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans LA. {PDF file, 43 KB}

#KI89-01. Kingsbury, G. G., & Houser, R. L. (1989, March). Assessing the impact of using item parameter estimates obtained from paper-and-pencil testing for computerized adaptive testing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, San Francisco.

Kingsbury, G. G. & Houser, R. L. (1990, April). Assessing the utility of item response models: Computerized adaptive testing. A paper presented to the annual meeting of the National Council of Measurement in Education, Boston MA.

#KI93-01. Kingsbury, G. G., & Houser, R. L. (1993, April). A practical examination of the use of free-response questions in computerized adaptive testing. Paper presented to the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association: Atlanta GA. {PDF file, 30 KB}

Kingsbury, G. G., & Houser, R. L. (1993). Assessing the utility of item response models: Computerized adaptive testing. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 12, 21-27, 39.

Kingsbury, G. G. & Houser, R.L. (1999). Developing computerized adaptive tests for school children. In F. Drasgow & J. B. Olson-Buchanan (Eds.), Innovations in computerized assessment (pp. 93-115). Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.

#KI04-01. Kingsbury, G. G. & Hauser, C. (2004). Computer adaptive testing and the No Child Left Behind Act. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego CA. {PDF file, 117 KB}

Kingsbury, G. G. & Houser, R. L. (2007). ICAT: An adaptive testing procedure to allow the identification of idiosyncratic knowledge patterns. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.). Proceedings of the 2007 GMAC Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing. {PDF file, 161 KB}

Kingsbury, G. G. & Houser, R/ L. (2008). ICAT: An adaptive testing procedure for the identification of idiosyncratic knowledge patterns. Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 216(1), 40–48.

#KI79-05. Kingsbury, G. G. & Weiss, D. J. (1979). An adaptive testing strategy for mastery decisions (Research Report 79-5). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program. {PDF file, 2.146 MB}

#KI80-04. Kingsbury, G. G., & Weiss, D. J. (1980). A comparison of adaptive, sequential, and conventional testing strategies for mastery decisions (Research Report 80-4). Minneapolis, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program, Computerized Adaptive Testing Laboratory. {PDF file, 1.905 MB}

#KI80-05. Kingsbury, G. G., & Weiss, D. J. (1980). An alternate-forms reliability and concurrent validity comparison of Bayesian adaptive and conventional ability tests (Research Report 80-5). Minneapolis, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program, Computerized Adaptive Testing Laboratory. {PDF file, 1.11 MB}

#KI80-01. Kingsbury, G. G. & Weiss, D. J. (1980). A comparison of ICC-based adaptive mastery testing and the Waldian probability ratio method. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.). Proceedings of the 1979 Computerized Adaptive Testing Conference (pp. 120-139). Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program, Computerized Adaptive Testing Laboratory. {PDF file, 1.351 MB}

#KI81-03. Kingsbury, G. G. & Weiss, D. J. (1981). A validity comparison of adaptive and conventional strategies for mastery testing (Research Report 81-3). Minneapolis, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program, Computerized Adaptive Testing Laboratory. {PDF file, 1.855 MB}

Kingsbury, G. G. & Weiss, D. J. (1983). A comparison of IRT-based adaptive mastery testing and a sequential mastery testing procedure. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), New horizons in testing: Latent trait test theory and computerized adaptive testing (pp. 257-283). New York: Academic Press.

Kingsbury, G. G., & Zara, A. R. (1989). Procedures for selecting items for computerized adaptive tests. Applied Measurement in Education, 2, 359-375.

Kingsbury, G. G., & Zara, A. R. (1991). A comparison of procedures for content-sensitive item selection in computerized adaptive tests. Applied Measurement in Education, 4, 241-261.

#KI99-1. Kingsbury, G. G., & Zara, A. R. (1999, April). A comparison of conventional and adaptive testing procedures for making single-point decisions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Montreal, Canada.

Kingsbury, G. G., & Zara, A. R. (1999, April). A procedure to compare conventional and adaptive testing procedures for making single-point decisions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Montreal, Canada.

Kingston, N. M. & Dorans, J.J. (1984). Item location effects and their implications for IRT equating and adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 8, 147-154.

Kirisci, L. & Hsu, T.-C. (1988, April). A predictive analysis approach to adaptive testing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans LA. (ERIC No. ED295982).

Kirisci, L. (1992). Estimation of ability level by using only observable quantities in adaptive testing. Paper presented at the annual meeting if the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.

Koch, W. R. & Patience, W. M. (1977). Student attitudes toward tailored testing. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1977 Computerized Adaptive Testing Conference. Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Psychometric Methods Program.

Koch, W. R., & Dodd, B. G. (1985, April). Computerized adaptive attitude measurement. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.

#KO86-01. Koch, W. R. & Dodd. B. G. (1986, April). Operational characteristics of adaptive testing procedures using partial credit scoring. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco CA.

Koch, W. R., & Dodd, B. G. (1989). An investigation of procedures for computerized adaptive testing using partial credit scoring. Applied Measurement in Education, 2, 335-357.

Koch, W. R., & Dodd, B. G. (1995). An investigation of procedures for computerized adaptive testing using the successive intervals Rasch model. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55, 976-990.

Koch, W. R., Dodd, B. G., & Fitzpatrick, S. J. (1990). Computerized adaptive measurement of attitudes. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 23, 20-30.

Koch, W. J. & Reckase, M. D. (1978). A live tailored testing comparison study of the one- and three-parameter logistic models (Research Report 78-1). Columbia MO: University of Missouri, Department of Psychology.

Koch, W. J. & Reckase, M. D. (1979). Problems in application of latent-trait models to tailored testing (Research Report 79-1). Columbia MO: University of Missouri, Department of Psychology. (also presented at National Council on Measurement in Education, 1979: ERIC No. ED 177 196)

Kolen, M. J. (1999-2000). Threats to score comparability with applications to performance assessments and computerized adaptive tests. Educational Assessment, 6, 73-96.

Krass, I. A. (1997, June). Getting more precision on computer adaptive testing. Paper presented at the 62nd Annual meeting of Psychometric Society, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.

#KR98-01. Krass, I. A. (1998, April). Application of direct optimization for on-line calibration in computerized adaptive testing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, San Diego CA. {PDF file, 146 KB}

#KR00-01. Krass, I. A. (2000). Change in distribution of latent ability with item position in CAT sequence. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education in New Orleans, LA. {PDF file, 103 KB}

#KR01-01. Krass, I. A. (2001). Application of score information for CAT pool development and its connection with "likelihood test information.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Seattle WA. {PDF file, 392 KB}

Krass, I. A. & Thomasson, G.L. (DMDC). (1999, April). Automated flawed item detection and graphical item used in on-line calibration of CAT-ASVAB. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Montreal, Canada.

#KR03-01. Krass, I. A. & Williams, B. (2003, April). Calibrating CAT pools and online pretest items using nonparametric and adjusted marginal maximum likelihood methods. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Chicago IL. {PDF file, 128 KB}

Krathwohl, D. (1959). Progress report on the sequential item test. East Lansing MI: Michigan State University, Bureau of Educational Research.

Krathwohl, D. R. & Huyser, R. J. (1956). The sequential item test. American Psychologist, 2, 419.

Kreiter, C. D., Ferguson, K., & Gruppen, L. D. (1999). Evaluating the usefulness of computerized adaptive testing for medical in-course assessment. Academic Medicine, 74, 125-28.

Kreitzberg, C. B. (1978). Computerized adaptive testing: Principles and directions. Computers and Education, 2 (4), 319-329.

Kreitzberg, C. B. & Jones, D. J. (1980). An empirical study of a broad range test of verbal ability. Princeton NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Kreitzberg, C. B., Stocking, M., & Swanson, L. (1978). Computerized adaptive testing: Principles and directions. Computers and Education, 2, 319-329.

Krimpen-Stoop, E. M. L.A. van and Meijer, R. R. (1999a). CUSUM-based person-fit statistics for adaptive testing. Technical Report RR 99-05, Univeristy of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Krimpen-Stoop, E. M. L.A. van and Meijer, R.R. (2000). The null distribution of person-fit statistics for conventional and adaptive tests. Applied Psychological Measurement, 23, 327-345.

Krimpen-Stoop, E. M. L.A. van and Meijer, R. R.. (2000). Detecting person misfit in adaptive testing using statistic